1, Kodi cholembera mawu (encoder) n'chiyani?
Pa nthawi ya ntchito yaBokosi la gearbox la nyongolotsi N20 DC mota, magawo monga mphamvu yamagetsi, liwiro ndi malo ozungulira a shaft yozungulira amayang'aniridwa nthawi yeniyeni kuti adziwe momwe thupi la injini lilili ndi zida zomwe zikukokedwa, komanso kuwongolera momwe injini ndi zida zimagwirira ntchito nthawi yeniyeni, motero kukwaniritsa ntchito zambiri monga servo ndi kuwongolera liwiro. Pano, kugwiritsa ntchito encoder ngati chinthu choyezera chakutsogolo sikungopangitsa kuti njira yoyezera ikhale yosavuta, komanso ndi yolondola, yodalirika komanso yamphamvu. Encoder ndi sensa yozungulira yomwe imasintha kuchuluka kwa malo ndi kusamuka kwa zigawo zozungulira kukhala mndandanda wa zizindikiro za digito, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikukonzedwa ndi makina owongolera kuti apereke malamulo angapo kuti asinthe ndikusintha momwe zida zimagwirira ntchito. Ngati encoder iphatikizidwa ndi giya bar kapena screw screw, ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuyeza malo ndi kusamuka kwa zigawo zoyenda zolunjika.
2, gulu la encoder
Gulu loyambira la encoder:
Chojambulira ndi chipangizo choyezera molondola chomwe chimapangidwa ndi makina ndi zamagetsi, chizindikiro kapena deta idzalembedwa, kusinthidwa, kuti ilumikizane, itumizidwe, ndi kusungidwa kwa deta ya chizindikiro. Malinga ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, ma encoder amagawidwa motere:
● Sikelo ya diski ya code ndi code. Cholembera chomwe chimasintha kusuntha kwa mzere kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi chimatchedwa sikelo ya code, ndipo chomwe chimasintha kusuntha kwa angular kukhala telecommunication ndi code disc.
● Ma encoder owonjezera. Amapereka chidziwitso monga malo, ngodya ndi chiwerengero cha ma turn, ndipo amatanthauzira liwiro loyenera malinga ndi chiwerengero cha ma pulses pa turn iliyonse.
● Cholembera chokhazikika. Chimapereka chidziwitso monga malo, ngodya, ndi chiwerengero cha ma turn mu angular increments, ndipo angular increment iliyonse imapatsidwa code yapadera.
● Hybrid absolute encoder. Hybrid absolute encoder imatulutsa magulu awiri azidziwitso: gulu limodzi lazidziwitso limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira malo a pole ndi ntchito ya absolute information, ndipo gulu lina ndi lofanana ndi chidziwitso chotulutsa cha incremental encoder.
Ma encoders omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini:
● Cholembera chowonjezera
Kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mfundo yosinthira ma photoelectric kuti mutulutse ma seti atatu a ma pulse a mafunde a sikweya A, B ndi Z. Kusiyana kwa magawo pakati pa ma seti awiri a ma pulse A ndi B ndi 90o, kotero kuti njira yozungulira ingathe kuweruzidwa mosavuta; gawo la Z ndi pulse imodzi pa kuzungulira ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito poika malo ofotokozera. Ubwino: kapangidwe kosavuta, moyo wapakati wa makina ukhoza kukhala maola opitilira makumi ambiri, mphamvu yolimbana ndi kusokoneza, kudalirika kwambiri, komanso koyenera kutumiza mtunda wautali. Zoyipa: kulephera kutulutsa chidziwitso chokwanira cha malo ozungulira shaft.
● Cholembera chokhazikika
Pali njira zingapo zozungulira za code zomwe zili m'mbali mwa njira yozungulira ya sensa, ndipo njira iliyonse imapangidwa ndi magawo otumiza kuwala ndi osatumiza kuwala, ndipo chiwerengero cha magawo a njira zoyandikana za code ndi kawiri, ndipo chiwerengero cha njira za code zomwe zili pa code ndi chiwerengero cha manambala a binary. Pamene code plate ili m'malo osiyanasiyana, chinthu chilichonse chokhudzidwa ndi kuwala chimasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chofanana malinga ndi kuwala kapena ayi, ndikupanga nambala ya binary.
Mtundu uwu wa encoder umadziwika ndi mfundo yakuti palibe chowerengera chomwe chikufunika ndipo khodi yokhazikika ya digito yogwirizana ndi malo ikhoza kuwerengedwa pamalo aliwonse a rotary axis. Mwachiwonekere, njira zambiri zama code, ndizomwe zimakhala ndi resolution yayikulu, komanso pa encoder yokhala ndi N-bit binary resolution, diski yama code iyenera kukhala ndi njira zama code za N. Pakadali pano, pali zinthu za 16-bit absolute encoder ku China.
3, mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya encoder
Pogwiritsa ntchito diski ya code ya photoelectric yokhala ndi axis pakati, pali mizere yozungulira ndi zolemba zakuda, ndipo pali zida zotumizira ndi kulandira ma photoelectric kuti ziwerenge, ndipo magulu anayi a ma signali a sine wave amaphatikizidwa kukhala A, B, C ndi D. Mafunde aliwonse a sine amasiyana ndi kusiyana kwa gawo la madigiri 90 (madigiri 360 poyerekeza ndi mafunde ozungulira), ndipo ma signali a C ndi D amasinthidwa ndikuyikidwa pamwamba pa magawo a A ndi B, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa chizindikiro chokhazikika; ndipo kugunda kwina kwa gawo la Z kumatuluka pa kuzungulira kulikonse kuti kuimire malo ofotokozera a zero.
Popeza magawo awiriwa A ndi B ndi osiyana ndi madigiri 90, tingayerekezere ngati gawo A lili kutsogolo kapena gawo B lili kutsogolo kuti tizindikire kuzungulira kwa encoder, ndipo zero reference bit ya encoder ingapezeke kudzera mu zero pulse. Zipangizo za encoder code plate ndi galasi, chitsulo, pulasitiki, galasi code plate imayikidwa pamzere woonda kwambiri wojambulidwa ndi galasi, kukhazikika kwake kwa kutentha ndi kwabwino, kulondola kwambiri, chitsulo code plate kuti chidutse mwachindunji osati mzere wojambulidwa, sichimafooka, koma chifukwa chitsulocho chili ndi makulidwe enaake, kulondola kwake ndi kochepa, kukhazikika kwake kwa kutentha ndi koipa kwambiri kuposa galasi, pulasitiki code plate ndi yachuma, mtengo wake ndi wotsika, koma kulondola, kukhazikika kwa kutentha, moyo ndi woipa.
Chosinthira - cholembera kuti chipereke mizere ingati yojambulidwa kudzera kapena yakuda pa madigiri 360 ozungulira chimatchedwa resolution, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti resolution indexing, kapena mwachindunji mizere ingati, nthawi zambiri mu mizere 5 ~ 10000 pa revolution indexing.
4, Muyeso wa malo ndi mfundo yowongolera mayankho
Ma encoder ali ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri m'ma elevator, zida zamakina, kukonza zinthu, machitidwe oyankha ma motor, komanso mu zida zoyezera ndi kuwongolera. Encoder imagwiritsa ntchito grating ndi gwero la kuwala kwa infrared kuti isinthe chizindikiro cha kuwala kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi cha TTL (HTL) kudzera mu receiver. Pofufuza kuchuluka kwa mulingo wa TTL ndi kuchuluka kwa mulingo wapamwamba, ngodya yozungulira ndi malo ozungulira a mota zimawonetsedwa bwino.
Popeza ngodya ndi malo zimatha kuyezedwa molondola, cholembera ndi chosinthira magetsi zitha kupangidwa kukhala njira yowongolera yotsekedwa kuti chiwongolerocho chikhale cholondola kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake ma elevator, zida zamakina, ndi zina zotero zingagwiritsidwe ntchito molondola kwambiri.
5, Chidule
Mwachidule, tikumvetsa kuti ma encoder amagawidwa m'magulu owonjezera ndi okhazikika malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo, ndipo onse amasintha ma signali ena, monga ma signali owoneka, kukhala ma signali amagetsi omwe amatha kusanthulidwa ndikuwongoleredwa. Ma elevator ndi zida zamakina zomwe timazidziwa m'miyoyo yathu zimadalira kusintha kolondola kwa mota, ndipo kudzera mu feedback closed-loop control ya signali yamagetsi, encoder yokhala ndi inverter ndi njira yachilengedwe yopezera kulamulira kolondola.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-20-2023