An galimoto yamagetsindi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala mphamvu zamakina, ndipo kuyambira pamene Faraday anatulukira galimoto yoyamba yamagetsi, takhala tikukhala moyo popanda chipangizochi kulikonse.
Masiku ano, magalimoto akusintha mofulumira kuchoka pa makina opangidwa kwambiri kupita ku zipangizo zamagetsi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ma motors m'magalimoto kukufalikira kwambiri. Anthu ambiri sangathe kuganiza kuti ndi ma motor angati omwe ali m'galimoto yawo, ndipo mawu oyamba otsatirawa adzakuthandizani kupeza ma motors m'galimoto yanu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito motere m'magalimoto
Kuti mudziwe komwe injini ili mgalimoto yanu, mpando wamagetsi ndi malo abwino oti muwupeze. M'magalimoto azachuma, ma motors nthawi zambiri amapereka kusintha kwamtsogolo ndi kumbuyo komanso kupendekera kumbuyo. M'magalimoto apamwamba,magalimoto amagetsiimatha kuwongolera kusintha kwa kutalika, mwachitsanzo, kutsamira pansi kwa mpando, kuthandizira kwa lumbar, kusintha kwa mutu ndi kulimba kwa khushoni, pakati pa zinthu zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda magalimoto amagetsi. Mbali zina zapampando zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ma motors amagetsi zimaphatikizapo kupukutira mipando yamagetsi ndi kukweza mphamvu za mipando yakumbuyo.
Windscreen wipers ndi chitsanzo chofala kwambiri chagalimoto yamagetsintchito m'magalimoto amakono. Kawirikawiri, galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi injini imodzi yokha yochotsera ma wiper kutsogolo. Ma wipers akumbuyo akuchulukirachulukira kutchuka ndi ma SUV ndi magalimoto okhala ndi zitseko za nkhokwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma wiper akumbuyo ndi ma motors ofanana amapezeka m'magalimoto ambiri. Wina amapopa madzi ochapira kuwindo lakutsogolo, ndipo m'magalimoto ena kupita ku nyali zakutsogolo, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi chopukuta chawocho.
Pafupifupi galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi chowombera chomwe chimayendetsa mpweya kupyolera mu kutentha ndi kuzizira; magalimoto ambiri ali ndi mafani awiri kapena kuposa mu kanyumba. Magalimoto apamwamba amakhalanso ndi mafani pamipando yolowera mpweya wabwino komanso kugawa kutentha.
M'mbuyomu, mazenera nthawi zambiri ankatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa pamanja, koma tsopano mawindo amagetsi ndi ofala. Ma injini obisika amaikidwa pawindo lililonse, kuphatikiza padzuwa ndi mazenera akumbuyo. Ma actuators omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamawindowa amatha kukhala osavuta ngati ma relay, koma zofunikira zachitetezo (monga kuzindikira zopinga kapena zotchingira zinthu) zimatsogolera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zanzeru zowunikira komanso kuletsa mphamvu yagalimoto.
Kusintha kuchoka pamanja kupita kumagetsi, maloko agalimoto akukhala osavuta. Ubwino wowongolera magalimoto umaphatikizapo zinthu zosavuta monga kugwiritsa ntchito patali, komanso chitetezo chokwanira komanso luntha monga kudzitsegula mwangozi mukagundana. Mosiyana ndi mazenera amagetsi, maloko a zitseko zamphamvu ayenera kusunga njira yogwiritsira ntchito pamanja, chifukwa chake izi zimakhudza mapangidwe agalimoto ndi kapangidwe ka loko lokhoma.
Zizindikiro za ma dashboards kapena magulu mwina zidasintha kukhala ma diode otulutsa kuwala (ma LED) kapena mitundu ina ya zowonetsera, koma tsopano kuyimba kulikonse ndi geji imagwiritsa ntchito ma mota amagetsi ang'onoang'ono. Ma motors ena omwe ali m'gulu lopereka mwayi amaphatikizanso zinthu zomwe zimafanana ndi kupindika kwa galasi lakumbali ndikusintha malo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mozama kwambiri monga nsonga zosinthika, ma pedals obweza, ndi zogawa magalasi pakati pa dalaivala ndi wokwera.
Pansi pa boneti, ma motors amagetsi akukhala ofala kwambiri m'malo ena angapo. Nthawi zambiri, ma motors amagetsi akusintha zida zamakina zoyendetsedwa ndi lamba. Zitsanzo ndi mafani ma radiator, mapampu amafuta, mapampu amadzi ndi ma compressor. Pali zabwino zingapo zosinthira izi kuchokera palamba kupita pagalimoto yamagetsi. Chimodzi ndi chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma motors pazida zamakono zamagetsi ndizopatsa mphamvu kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito malamba ndi ma pulleys, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu likhale labwino monga mafuta abwino, kuchepetsa kulemera kwake komanso kuchepa kwa mpweya. Ubwino winanso ndikuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma motors amagetsi m'malo mwa malamba amalola ufulu wochulukirapo pamapangidwe amakina, popeza malo okwera a mapampu ndi mafani sayenera kukakamizidwa ndi lamba wa serpentine womwe uyenera kumangirizidwa ku pulley iliyonse.
Zochitika muukadaulo wamagalimoto agalimoto
Ma motors amagetsi ndi ofunikira m'malo omwe alembedwa pa chithunzi pamwambapa, ndipo, pambuyo pake, galimotoyo ikayamba kukhala yamagetsi komanso kupita patsogolo kwa magalimoto odziyimira pawokha komanso luntha, ma mota amagetsi azigwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira m'galimoto, ndipo mtundu wa magalimoto oyendetsa nawonso akusintha.
Pomwe kale ma motors ambiri m'magalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito makina amagalimoto amtundu wa 12V, ma voliyumu apawiri a 12V ndi 48V tsopano akukhala odziwika bwino, makina amagetsi apawiri omwe amalola kuti katundu wina waposachedwa achotsedwe pa batire ya 12V. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito 48V ndikuchepetsa kanayi pamagetsi omwewo, komanso kuchepetsa kulemera kwa zingwe ndi ma windings amoto. Mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi katundu wamakono omwe angasinthidwe kukhala mphamvu ya 48V akuphatikizapo ma motors oyambira, ma turbocharger, mapampu amafuta, mapampu amadzi ndi mafani oziziritsa. Kuyika makina amagetsi a 48V pazigawozi kungapulumutse pafupifupi 10 peresenti pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.
Kumvetsetsa Mitundu Yagalimoto
Ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira ma mota osiyanasiyana, ndipo ma mota amatha kugawidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
1. Gulu kutengera gwero la mphamvu zogwirira ntchito - Kutengera ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito injini, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu a DC ndi ma AC motors. Mwa iwo, ma motors a AC amagawidwanso kukhala ma motors agawo limodzi ndi magawo atatu.
2. Malinga ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito - molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito, galimotoyo imatha kugawidwa kukhala mota ya DC, mota ya asynchronous ndi motor synchronous. Ma synchronous motors amathanso kugawidwa kukhala maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors, kusafuna ma synchronous motors ndi ma hysteresis motors. Asynchronous motor imatha kugawidwa kukhala induction motor ndi AC commutator motor.
3. Gulu molingana ndi momwe amayambira ndikuyendetsa - mota molingana ndi momwe amayambira ndikuyendetsa amatha kugawidwa kukhala mota ya capacitor yoyambira imodzi yagawo limodzi, gawo limodzi la gawo limodzi la asynchronous motor, capacitor-yoyamba kuthamanga imodzi-gawo asynchronous motor ndi kugawanika-gawo limodzi gawo limodzi la asynchronous motor.
4. Gulu molingana ndi ntchito - ma motors amagetsi amatha kugawidwa m'magalimoto oyendetsa ndikuwongolera molingana ndi ntchito. Galimoto yamagalimoto imagawidwa kukhala zida zamagetsi (kuphatikiza kubowola, kupukuta, kugaya, kudula, kudula, kubwezeretsanso ndi zida zina) ndi ma motors amagetsi, zida zapanyumba (kuphatikiza makina ochapira, mafani amagetsi, mafiriji, ma air conditioner, matepi ojambulira, VCRs, zojambulira mavidiyo, osewera ma DVD, ma hoovers, makamera, zoyatsira tsitsi, ndi zina.) makina ang'onoang'ono ndi zida zapagulu (kuphatikiza zida zazing'ono zamakina, makina ang'onoang'ono, zida zamankhwala, zida zamagetsi, ndi zina). Ma motors owongolera amagawidwa kukhala ma stepper motors ndi ma servo motors.
5. Gulu molingana ndi kapangidwe ka rotor - mota molingana ndi kapangidwe ka rotor imatha kugawidwa kukhala khola induction motor (muyezo wakale umatchedwa gologolo khola asynchronous motor) ndi waya-chilonda rotor induction motor (muyezo wakale umatchedwa waya-wolonda asynchronous motor).
6. Gulu molingana ndi liwiro la ntchito - mota molingana ndi liwiro logwira ntchito imatha kugawidwa m'magalimoto othamanga kwambiri, ma mota otsika kwambiri, ma motors othamanga, ma mota othamanga.
Pakadali pano, ma motors ambiri pamagalimoto amagalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito ma brushed DC motors, yomwe ndi njira yachikhalidwe. Ma motors awa ndi osavuta kuyendetsa komanso otsika mtengo chifukwa cha ntchito yosinthira yomwe imaperekedwa ndi maburashi. M'zinthu zina, ma motors a brushless DC (BLDC) amapereka ubwino wochuluka malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, zomwe zimachepetsa kulemera kwake komanso zimapereka ndalama zabwino zamafuta ndi mpweya wochepa, ndipo opanga akusankha kugwiritsa ntchito ma motors a BLDC mu wiper wa windscreen, kutentha kwa kabati, mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya (HVAC) zowombera ndi mapampu. M'mapulogalamuwa, ma motors amatha kuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo mogwira ntchito kwakanthawi ngati mawindo amagetsi kapena mipando yamagetsi, pomwe kuphweka ndi kutsika mtengo kwa ma motors opukutidwa kumapitilira kukhala opindulitsa.
Magalimoto amagetsi oyenera magalimoto amagetsi
Kusintha kuchokera ku magalimoto osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta kupita ku magalimoto amagetsi okha kudzawona kusintha kwa injini zoyendetsedwa ndi injini pamtima pagalimoto.
Dongosolo loyendetsa magalimoto ndi mtima wagalimoto yamagetsi, yomwe imakhala ndi mota, chosinthira mphamvu, masensa osiyanasiyana ozindikira komanso magetsi. Ma motors oyenerera pamagalimoto amagetsi ndi awa: DC motors, brushless DC motors, asynchronous motors, maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors, ndi switched relucance motors.
DC motor ndi mota yomwe imasintha mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC kukhala mphamvu zamakina, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukoka mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake abwino amawongolera liwiro. Ilinso ndi mawonekedwe a torque yayikulu komanso kuwongolera kosavuta, chifukwa chake, makina aliwonse omwe amayamba ndi katundu wolemetsa kapena amafuna kuwongolera liwiro lofanana, monga mphero zazikulu zosinthira, ma winchi, ma locomotives amagetsi, ma tramu ndi zina zotero, ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma mota a DC.
Brushless DC motor imagwirizana kwambiri ndi katundu wamagalimoto amagetsi, okhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri, amatha kupereka torque yayikulu yoyambira kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zamagalimoto amagetsi, nthawi yomweyo, imatha kuthamanga mumayendedwe otsika, apakati komanso othamanga kwambiri, ilinso ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, m'malo odzaza kuwala, imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Choyipa ndichakuti galimotoyo ndiyovuta kwambiri kuposa ya AC mota ndipo chowongolera ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa mota ya brushed DC.
Asynchronous motor, mwachitsanzo, induction motor, ndi chipangizo chomwe rotor imayikidwa mu mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira, ndipo pansi pa mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira, torque yozungulira imapezeka, motero rotor imazungulira. Kapangidwe kagalimoto ka Asynchronous ndikosavuta, kosavuta kupanga ndi kukonza, kamakhala ndi mawonekedwe othamanga kwambiri, kumatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina ambiri opanga mafakitale ndi zaulimi. Komabe, liwiro la asynchronous motor ndi liwiro lake lozungulira la maginito limakhala ndi liwiro lokhazikika la kasinthasintha, motero kuwongolera liwiro kumakhala koyipa, osati kwachuma monga mota ya DC, yosinthika. Kuphatikiza apo, mumagetsi apamwamba, othamanga kwambiri, ma motors asynchronous sizomveka ngati ma synchronous motors.
Permanent maginito synchronous motor ndi synchronous motor yomwe imapanga synchronous rotating magnetic field ndi chisangalalo cha maginito okhazikika, omwe amakhala ngati rotor kuti apange maginito ozungulira, ndi magawo atatu a stator windings amachitira kupyolera mu armature pansi pa zochitika za maginito ozungulira, kuchititsa magawo atatu maginito maginito. Galimoto ya maginito yokhazikika ndi yaying'ono, yopepuka kulemera, yokhala ndi inertia yaying'ono yozungulira komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamphamvu, komwe ndi koyenera magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi malo ochepa. Kuonjezera apo, ili ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha torque-to-inertia, mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera, ndi mphamvu yaikulu yotulutsa mphamvu makamaka pa liwiro lotsika, lomwe liri loyenera kuyambitsa kuthamanga kwa galimoto yamakompyuta. Chifukwa chake, ma mota amagetsi okhazikika nthawi zambiri amazindikiridwa ndi magawo apagalimoto amagetsi apanyumba ndi akunja ndipo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto angapo amagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, magalimoto ambiri amagetsi ku Japan amayendetsedwa ndi maginito okhazikika, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hybrid ya Toyota Prius.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-31-2024