Mbatata yotentha! "- Iyi ikhoza kukhala njira yoyamba yomwe mainjiniya ambiri, opanga, ndi ophunzira amakhala nayo pa ma micro stepper motors panthawi yokonza zolakwika pa polojekiti. Ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri kuti ma micro stepper motors apange kutentha panthawi yogwira ntchito. Koma mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti, kutentha kumakhala kotani mwachibadwa? Ndipo kutentha kumasonyeza vuto?

Kutentha kwambiri sikungochepetsa mphamvu ya injini, mphamvu, ndi kulondola, komanso kumathandizira kukalamba kwa insulation mkati mwa galimoto pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo iwonongeke kwamuyaya. Ngati mukuvutika ndi kutentha kwa ma micro stepper motors pa chosindikizira chanu cha 3D, makina a CNC, kapena loboti, ndiye kuti nkhaniyi ndi yanu. Tidzafufuza zomwe zimayambitsa malungo ndikukupatsani njira zisanu zoziziritsira nthawi yomweyo.

Gawo 1: Kufufuza chifukwa cha mizu - nchifukwa chiyani mota ya micro stepper imapanga kutentha?

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kufotokoza mfundo yaikulu: kutentha kwa ma micro stepper motors n'kosapeweka ndipo sikungapewedwe kotheratu. Kutentha kwake kumachokera mbali ziwiri:

1. Kutayika kwa chitsulo (kutayika kwapakati): Stator ya mota imapangidwa ndi mapepala achitsulo a silikoni, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito yosinthasintha imapanga mafunde a eddy ndi hysteresis mkati mwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kupangidwe. Gawo ili la kutayika limakhudzana ndi liwiro la mota (kawirikawiri), ndipo liwiro likakwera, nthawi zambiri kutayika kwa chitsulo kumakhala kwakukulu.

2. Kutayika kwa mkuwa (kutayika kwa kukana kozungulira): Ichi ndiye gwero lalikulu la kutentha komanso gawo lomwe tingayang'ane kwambiri pakukonza. Limatsatira lamulo la Joule: P=I ² × R.

P (kutayika kwa mphamvu): Mphamvuyo inasanduka kutentha mwachindunji.

Ine (pano):Mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda kudzera mu injini yozungulira.

R (Kukana):Kukana kwamkati kwa injini yozungulira.

Mwachidule, kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa kumagwirizana ndi sikweya ya mphamvu yamagetsi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kungayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kozungulira sikweya. Pafupifupi njira zathu zonse zothetsera mavuto zimayang'ana momwe tingasamalire mphamvu yamagetsi iyi (I) mwasayansi.

Gawo 2: Zinthu zisanu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa malungo aakulu - Kusanthula zomwe zimayambitsa malungo aakulu

Kutentha kwa injini kukakhala kokwera kwambiri (monga kutentha kwambiri koti sikungakhudzidwe, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 70-80 ° C), nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zifukwa izi:

Vuto loyamba ndilakuti mphamvu yoyendetsera galimoto yakwera kwambiri

Iyi ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri komanso ofunikira kwambiri. Kuti apeze mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yochulukirapo, ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amatembenuza mphamvu yolamulira yamagetsi pa madalaivala (monga A4988, TMC2208, TB6600) kwambiri. Izi zinapangitsa kuti mphamvu yozungulira (I) ipitirire kwambiri kuposa mtengo wovomerezeka wa injini, ndipo malinga ndi P=I ² × R, kutentha kunakwera kwambiri. Kumbukirani: kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumabweretsa mtengo wowonjezera kutentha.

Vuto lachiwiri: Voltage yolakwika ndi njira yoyendetsera galimoto

Mphamvu yamagetsi yotumizira ndi yokwera kwambiri: Dongosolo la mota ya stepper limagwiritsa ntchito "constant current drive", koma mphamvu yamagetsi yochuluka imatanthauza kuti dalaivala akhoza "kukankhira" mphamvu yamagetsi mu mota yomwe ikuzungulira mwachangu, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza magwiridwe antchito a liwiro lapamwamba. Komabe, pa liwiro lochepa kapena pa nthawi yopuma, mphamvu yamagetsi yochulukirapo ingayambitse mphamvu yamagetsi kudulidwa pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti switch iwonongeke komanso zimapangitsa dalaivala ndi mota kutentha kwambiri.

Kusagwiritsa ntchito njira yokwerera masitepe kapena kugawa magawo kosakwanira:Mu gawo lonse, mawonekedwe a mafunde amagetsi ndi mafunde a sikweya, ndipo mafunde amagetsi amasintha kwambiri. Mtengo wamagetsi mu coil umasinthasintha mwadzidzidzi pakati pa 0 ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phokoso lalikulu la torque ndi phokoso, komanso magwiridwe antchito ochepa. Ndipo kutsika pang'ono kumawongolera mafunde amagetsi (pafupifupi mafunde a sine), kumachepetsa kutayika kwa harmonic ndi mafunde a torque, kumathamanga bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kupanga kutentha kwapakati pamlingo winawake.

Vuto lachitatu: Kudzaza zinthu mopitirira muyeso kapena mavuto a makina

Kupitilira katundu wovotera: Ngati mota ikugwira ntchito pansi pa katundu wofanana kapena wopitirira mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kuti igonjetse kukana, dalaivala apitiliza kupereka mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kokwera.

Kukangana kwa makina, kusakhazikika bwino, ndi kugwedezeka: Kuyika kosayenera kwa ma coupling, ma guide rails osagwira bwino ntchito, ndi zinthu zakunja mu screw ya lead zonse zingayambitse katundu wowonjezera komanso wosafunikira pa mota, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwire ntchito molimbika ndikupanga kutentha kwambiri.

Choyambitsa chachinayi: Kusankha mota molakwika

Kavalo kakang'ono kokoka ngolo yaikulu. Ngati polojekitiyo ikufuna mphamvu yaikulu, ndipo mwasankha mota yaying'ono kwambiri (monga kugwiritsa ntchito NEMA 17 kuti mugwire ntchito ya NEMA 23), ndiye kuti ingagwire ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kutentha kwambiri ndi zotsatira zosapeŵeka.

Chachisanu: Malo ogwirira ntchito oipa komanso malo osatenthetsa kutentha

Kutentha kwakukulu: Injiniyo imagwira ntchito pamalo otsekedwa kapena pamalo omwe kutentha kumayandikira (monga mabedi osindikizira a 3D kapena mitu ya laser), zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu yake yotaya kutentha.

Kusakwanira kwa convection yachilengedwe: Mota yokha ndi gwero la kutentha. Ngati mpweya wozungulira sukuyenda, kutentha sikunganyamulidwe munthawi yake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kuchuluke komanso kutentha kukwere mosalekeza.

Gawo 3: Mayankho Othandiza - Njira 5 Zozizira Zogwira Mtima za Micro Stepper Motor Yanu

Titazindikira chomwe chikuyambitsa vutoli, tikhoza kupereka mankhwala oyenera. Chonde thetsa vutoli ndikusintha motere:

Yankho 1: Konzani molondola mphamvu yoyendetsera (yogwira mtima kwambiri, gawo loyamba)

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito:Gwiritsani ntchito multimeter kuti muyese mphamvu yamagetsi yowunikira magetsi (Vref) pa dalaivala, ndikuwerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yofanana malinga ndi fomula (mafomula osiyanasiyana a madalaivala osiyanasiyana). Ikani pa 70% -90% ya mphamvu yamagetsi yowunikira ya mota. Mwachitsanzo, mota yokhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya 1.5A ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa 1.0A ndi 1.3A.

Chifukwa chiyani ndi yothandiza: Imachepetsa mwachindunji I mu fomula yopanga kutentha ndipo imachepetsa kutaya kutentha ndi nthawi zokwana masikweya. Ngati torque ili yokwanira, iyi ndiyo njira yozizira yotsika mtengo kwambiri.

Yankho 2: Konzani bwino mphamvu yamagetsi yoyendetsera galimoto ndikuyatsa kukwera pang'ono

Voliyumu yoyendetsa: Sankhani magetsi ogwirizana ndi liwiro lomwe mukufuna. Pa mapulogalamu ambiri apakompyuta, 24V-36V ndi magetsi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito bwino komanso kutentha komwe kumafunika. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo. 

Yambitsani kugawa kwakukulu kwa magawo ang'onoang'ono: Ikani dalaivala pa njira yokwera kwambiri yokwerera masitepe (monga 16 kapena 32 subdivision). Izi sizimangobweretsa kuyenda kosalala komanso kodekha, komanso zimachepetsa kutayika kwa harmonic chifukwa cha mafunde osalala amagetsi, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kupanga kutentha panthawi yogwira ntchito yapakati komanso yotsika.

Yankho 3: Kukhazikitsa masinki otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa mpweya mokakamiza (kutulutsa kutentha kwenikweni)

Zipsepse zotenthetsera kutentha: Pa ma mota ambiri ang'onoang'ono oyendera (makamaka NEMA 17), kumamatira kapena kutseka zipsepse zotenthetsera kutentha za aluminiyamu pa nyumba ya injini ndiyo njira yolunjika komanso yotsika mtengo. Kutenthetsera kumawonjezera kwambiri malo otenthetsera kutentha a mota, pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wachilengedwe kuti uchotse kutentha.

Kuziziritsa mpweya mokakamizidwa: Ngati zotsatira za heat sink sizili bwino, makamaka m'malo otsekedwa, kuwonjezera fan yaying'ono (monga fan ya 4010 kapena 5015) kuti mpweya uzizire mwachangu ndiye yankho labwino kwambiri. Mpweya umatha kutulutsa kutentha mwachangu, ndipo zotsatira zake zoziziritsa zimakhala zofunika kwambiri. Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito makina osindikizira a 3D ndi makina a CNC.

Yankho 4: Konzani Zokonda pa Drive (Njira Zapamwamba)

Ma drive ambiri anzeru amakono, amapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba owongolera ma current:

StealthShop II & SpreadCycle: Ndi ntchito iyi, injini ikayima kwa kanthawi, mphamvu yoyendetsera idzatsika yokha kufika pa 50% kapena kutsika kuposa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito. Chifukwa chakuti injiniyo imakhala yokhazikika nthawi zambiri, ntchito imeneyi ingachepetse kutentha kosasinthasintha.

Chifukwa chake imagwira ntchito: Kusamalira mwanzeru mphamvu yamagetsi, kupereka mphamvu yokwanira ikafunika, kuchepetsa zinyalala zikasowa, ndikusunga mphamvu mwachindunji ndikuziziritsa kuchokera ku gwero.

Yankho 5: Yang'anani kapangidwe ka makina ndikusankhanso (yankho loyambira)

Kuyang'anira makina: Tembenuzani shaft ya mota ndi manja (ili mu mphamvu yozimitsa) ndipo mumve ngati ili yosalala. Yang'anani makina onse otumizira kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe malo omangika, okangana, kapena otsekeka. Makina osalala amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri katundu pa injini.

Kusankhanso: Ngati mutayesa njira zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa, mota ikadali yotentha ndipo mphamvu yake si yokwanira, ndiye kuti mwina motayo yasankhidwa kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri. Kusintha mota ndi zina zazikulu (monga kukweza kuchokera ku NEMA 17 kupita ku NEMA 23) kapena mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba, ndikulola kuti igwire ntchito mkati mwa malo ake abwino, mwachilengedwe kudzathetsa vuto la kutentha.

Tsatirani njira yofufuzira:

Poyang'anizana ndi mota ya micro stepper yokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, mutha kuthetsa vutoli mwadongosolo potsatira njira iyi:

Mota ikutentha kwambiri

Gawo 1: Yang'anani ngati mphamvu ya drive yayikidwa pamwamba kwambiri?

Gawo 2: Onani ngati katundu wa makina ndi wolemera kwambiri kapena ngati kukangana kuli kwakukulu?

Gawo 3: Ikani zipangizo zoziziritsira thupi

Ikani sinki yotenthetsera

Onjezani mpweya wozizira mokakamizidwa (fani yaying'ono)

Kodi kutentha kwakwera?

Gawo 4: Ganizirani kusankha ndikusintha mota yayikulu